Concrete damage based on 4 crucial factors

Concrete often sustains damage due to various factors, either environmental or mechanical. In the following lines, four significant damages and their respective causes are presented in detail with emphasis on concrete floors.

1.       Corrosion

Although concrete usually shields the rebars from rust, chloride ions from sources such as salts can infiltrate through cracks and pores, leading to corrosion. This corrosion can result in cracking and spalling of the surrounding concrete. Corrosion is the main cause of concrete deterioration, and thus reinforced concrete should be maintained correctly to reduce the damage risk.

2.       Freeze-thaw cycle

Another factor that indicates damage is the outdoor situation of the concrete floor. Therefore, it remains constantly exposed to various natural forces, e.g. rain, wind, and the recurrent freeze-thaw cycle. In other words, moisture stands as another primary cause of concrete deterioration. Excessive moisture within concrete expands upon freezing, exerting pressure on voids within the material. Continued exposure to freeze-thaw cycles gradually deteriorates the concrete, resulting in a surface prone to cracking and scaling.

3.       Fire

Fire or other sources of heat can cause irreparable damage to concrete. Although the material does not combust, intense heat can compromise the structural integrity of concrete, reducing its elasticity and its flexural and compressive strength. Moreover, moisture within the concrete can evaporate under high temperatures, leading to spalling and further deterioration.

4.       Improper installation

Improperly executed joints, excessive moisture in the mixture and premature sealing represents just a few potential instances of an imperfect installation. Contractor’s rush through the installation of the concrete flooring, may result in issues like crazing, spalling, blisters, and other indications of damage that need rectification.

Measures to protect concrete

Prevention and proactive maintenance play a crucial role in protecting concrete against damage. Ensuring proper installation of concrete is significant and complementing it with a high-quality polishing job significantly enhances its surface protection. When installing a cement topping, for instance, it's imperative to start with a clean substrate devoid of oil, sealers, hardeners, curing compounds, and any substances that might impede adhesion and compromise installation integrity.